Отправлено: 13.11.09 15:19. Заголовок: Operazionnie ysiliteli ,ZAP/AZP & (продолжение)

1941: First (vacuum tube) op-amp

An op-amp, defined as a general-purpose, DC-coupled, high gain, inverting feedback amplifier, is first found in US Patent 2,401,779 "Summing Amplifier" filed by Karl D. Swartzel Jr. of Bell labs in 1941. This design used three vacuum tubes to achieve a gain of 90dB and operated on voltage rails of ±350V.
######################################################
It had a single inverting input rather than differential inverting and non-inverting inputs, as are common in today's op-amps. Throughout World War II, Swartzel's design proved its value by being liberally used in the M9 artillery director designed at Bell Labs.
#########################################################################
This artillery director worked with the SCR584 radar system to achieve extraordinary hit rates (near 90%) that
#######################################################################
would not have been possible otherwise.[3]
###########################


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier

 Отправлено: 25.11.10 15:16. Заголовок: 8B. 3 A GENERIC RADA..

8B. 3 A GENERIC RADAR ... within the FPGA, a wide range of radar intermediate ... down converter as well as any oversampling that takes place within the radar ...

http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/123642.pdf<\/u><\/a>

IF processor -wiigrisch dopolnitelno 14 db k ADC 71 db


PDF] Digital IF receiver - capabilities, tests and evaluation
Adobe PDF - View as html
... analog circuits to down convert the signal from intermediate ... incorporation into the WSR-88D RRDA (Research Radar ... The oversampling mode plot of the dynamic range measurement ...


http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/64211.pdf<\/u><\/a>

kombinazija sampling i zifrowoj filtrazii -dinamicheskij diapazon 90 db s 14 bit ADC ,kotorij imeet SFDR tolko 71 db

 Отправлено: 25.11.10 21:19. Заголовок: Summer 2010 Vol. 19,..

Summer 2010 Vol. 19, No. 2


Model 71621
3 kanala s ADS5485 200 msps /16 bit TI

IF 120-160 mgz

To conserve resources, we will try an undersampling solution for digitizing the input signals. If we sample at 200 MHz, the signals of interest will fold as shown in Figure 7: the 120 MHz lower band edge translates to 80 MHz; the 140 MHz center frequency translates to 60 MHz; and the upper band edge translates to 40 MHz.

http://www.pentek.com/pipeline/19_2/Radar.cfm<\/u><\/a>
http://www.pentek.com/products/Detail.cfm?Model=71621<\/u><\/a>


Monopulse Radar Signal Processing

This is a real-life example of the signal processing involved with a typical monopulse radar application. As shown in Figure 3, the system uses a multi-element antenna where the received signals consist of three types: Azimuth, Elevation and the sum of these two. The signals to be digitized and processed are as follows:

* Azimuth difference or ΔA which is equal to A1 – A2
* Elevation difference or ΔE which is equal to E1 – E2
* Sum Channel Σ which is equal to the sum of A1 + A2 + E1 + E2
* The phase shift between Σ and ΔE determines the elevation of the target
* The phase shift between Σ and ΔA determines the azimuth of the target
* The IF center frequency of these signals is 140 MHz and the IF bandwidth is 40 MHz
* This signal processing requires three channels of A/D converters


Summary

The Pentek Model 71621 Transceiver XMC module is a complete radar signal generation, timing and acquisition subsystem. It has the three A/Ds required for monopulse radar and standard on-board support for signal generation and acquisition timing.

Radar data acquisition is facilitated by the 200 MHz, 16-bit A/Ds which capture the 140 MHz IF signals with 40 MHz bandwidth. Wideband DDC IP cores convert the IF signals down to baseband. The A/D input controller engine uses a simple parameter table that creates programmable delays, acquisition record lengths and complex acquisition scenarios.

Radar waveform generation uses a D/A controller engine with a simple parameter table. It creates multiple waveforms with programmable delays and lengths. The wideband DUC upconverts the digital baseband waveform to 140 MHz IF and the 400 MHz, 16-bit D/A delivers 140 MHz IF signal with 40 MHz bandwidth.

 Отправлено: 28.11.10 01:53. Заголовок: http://www.analog.c..

http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data_sheets/AD9467.pdf<\/u><\/a>

“This is a breakthrough device. It’s pushing the state of art,”
Jon Hall, ADI’s strategic marketing and applications manager for
high-speed converters, said in an interview. The performance and power
gains came thanks to a process shift rather than a process shrink.
---------------------------------------------------------

The device is fabricated on .18 silicon germanium BiCMOS,
#########################################################
where similar earlier devices were in CMOS.


http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-products/electronic-product-reviews/analog-products/4208854/Analog-Devices-offers-16-bit-ADC-at-250-MSPS<\/u><\/a>


Togda mozno predpolozit wozmoznost sodanija 18 bit 100 msps s
rasseiwaemoj moschnostju 10 watt i SFDR 107 db na Fin 70
mgz(standartnaja 2 pch w satcom)
################################


Product Review
Analog Devices offers 16-bit ADC at 250 MSPS
Brian Fuller
9/27/2010 6:57 PM EDT
Comment

Jon.Hall

10/21/2010 5:43 PM EDT
The latency of the AD9467 is determined by the actual pipeline
architecture. The ...


GREAT-Terry

10/11/2010 8:15 AM EDT
It is said to be a pipeline ADC. From the datasheet, the latency is 16
cycles. ...
More Comments >

Claiming a breakthrough in speed for the high-performance segment,
Analog Devices today announced the AD9647 16-bit A/D converter operating
at 250 MSPS (mega samples per second).

The device, intended to drive the company’s converter presence broader
and deeper into military, industrial and wireless applications, is said
to have a sampling rate that is 25 percent faster than competitive
devices. It uses 35 percent less power, at 1.32W total power dissipation
including drivers, than competing devices, the company claimed.

Key features:

* 1.8 V and 3.3 V supply operation
* 16-bit resolution with high signal bandwidths up to 300 MHz
* On-chip IF (intermediate frequency) sampling circuit and buffered
analog inputs
* High dynamic range over broad signal bandwidth enables
software-defined radios for use with multiple standards, such as
LTE/W-CDMA, MC-GSM (class 1) and CDMA.
* 75.5 dBFS SNR to 170 MHz at 250 MSPS @ 2.5 V p-p FS
* 74 dBFS SNR to 170 MHz at 250 MSPS @ 2.0 V p-p FS
* 90 dBFS SFDR to 300 MHz at 250 MSPS (@ −1 dBFS) at 2.5 V p-p FS
* 95 dBFS SFDR to 170 MHz at 250 MSPS (@ −1 dBFS) at 2.0 V p-p FS
* 100 dBFS SFDR at 100 MHz at 160 MSPS (@ −1 dBFS)
* 60 fs rms Jitter


“This is a breakthrough device. It’s pushing the state of art,”
Jon Hall, ADI’s strategic marketing and applications manager for
high-speed converters, said in an interview. The performance and power
gains came thanks to a process shift rather than a process shrink.

The device is fabricated on .18 silicon germanium BiCMOS, where similar
earlier devices were in CMOS.

http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-products/electronic-product-reviews/analog-products/4208854/Analog-Devices-offers-16-bit-ADC-at-250-MSPS<\/u><\/a>
--

 Отправлено: 28.11.10 19:12. Заголовок: http://www.analog.co..

 Отправлено: 28.11.10 21:03. Заголовок: primer SDR modifika..

primer SDR modifikazija wsr-88d- If /pch-57-62.5 mgz ,14 bit ADC /Lockheed -Martin 3 ghz radar s 9 metrow antennoj

http://www.qsl.net/n9zia/pdf/wsr-88d.pdf<\/u><\/a>
http://www.roc.noaa.gov/WSR88D/About.aspx<\/u><\/a>


There are 159 operational NEXRAD radar ...

Generic radar processor design using software defined radio
----------------------------------------------------------------
8B. 3 A GENERIC RADAR ... within the FPGA, a wide range of radar
intermediate ... down converter as well as any oversampling that takes
place within the radar ...

http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/123642.pdf<\/u><\/a>



s IF 62.5 mgz ...

T.e. eto ne prjamaja konversija signal s antenni w ADC
-----------------------------------------------------------

PDF] Digital IF receiver - capabilities, tests and evaluation
Adobe PDF - View as html
... analog circuits to down convert the signal from intermediate ...
incorporation into the WSR-88D RRDA (Research Radar ... The oversampling
mode plot of the dynamic range measurement ...


http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/64211.pdf<\/u><\/a>

kombinazija sampling i zifrowoj filtrazii -dinamicheskij diapazon 90 db
s 14 bit ADC ,kotorij imeet SFDR tolko 71 db


posle modifikazii na pdf linkax wische s 14 bit ADC

http://www.qsl.net/n9zia/pdf/wsr-88d.pdf<\/u><\/a>

Chastota 2.7 ghz -3 ghz
Nesuschaja pch -60 mgz
polosa -0.8 mgz
dinamicheskij diapazon -95 db

Na sxemax 2008 goda nize s 16 -bit ADC 105 db
-------------------------------------------------

http://highfrequencyelectronics.com/Archives/Sep08/HFE0908_S_Crean.pdf<\/u><\/a>
http://highfrequencyelectronics.com/Archives/Nov08/1108_Friedman.pdf<\/u><\/a>

 Отправлено: 29.11.10 22:33. Заголовок: A great deal of the ..

A great deal of the technological groundwork for
this process was established during 1971. By 1972,
fabrication of the first reflective-array compressor
(RAC) was initiated; this device is illustrated in Figure
2. The first RAC device was a linear-FM filter
with a 50-MHz bandwidth (on a 200-MHz carrier)
matched to a 30-μsec-long waveform [16–18]. This
arrangement yielded a time-bandwidth product of
1500, more than an order of magnitude greater than
that achieved by interdigital-electrode SAW devices
[19]. The response was remarkably precise; the phase
deviation from an ideal linear-FM response was only
about 3° root mean square (rms). Pairs of matched
RACs were used in pulse-compression tests in which
the first device functioned as a pulse expander and the
second as a pulse compressor. The compressed
pulsewidths and sidelobe levels were near ideal.
Armed with these encouraging results, researchers
took the next step by developing RAC devices for specific
Lincoln Laboratory radars.

http://www.ll.mit.edu/publications/journal/pdf/vol12_no2/12_2radarsignalprocessing.pdf<\/u><\/a>


FIGURE 2. A phase-compensated reflective-array compressor,
or RAC. The input transducer converts an electrical signal
into a surface acoustic wave (SAW) that propagates
along the surface of the crystal. The grating etched into the
crystal reflects the wave at a position determined by the input
frequency and the local spacing of the grooves in the
grating. High frequencies reflect close to the input transducer,
while low frequencies reflect at the far end of the grating.
A second reflection sends the SAW to the output transducer,
where it is converted back into an electrical signal.
The desired delay versus frequency is set by the geometry of
the device. Deviations from the desired response can be
trimmed out by a metal film of varying width deposited on
the device.


The wide bandwidth
yielded a range resolution that could resolve individual
scatterers on reentering warhead-like objects.
This waveform was normally processed with the
STRETCH technique, which is a clever time-bandwidth
exchange process developed by the Airborne
Instrument Laboratory [21, 22].

 Отправлено: 29.11.10 22:37. Заголовок: The ARPA-Lincoln C-b..

The ARPA-Lincoln C-band Observables Radar, or
ALCOR [20], on Roi-Namur, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall
Islands, had a wideband (512 MHz) 10-μseclong
linear-FM transmitted-pulse waveform (see the
article entitled “Wideband Radar for Ballistic Missile
Defense and Range-Doppler Imaging of Satellites,”
by William W. Camp et al., in this issue)





The return signal is mixed with a linear-FM chirp and the low-frequency
sideband is Fourier transformed to yield range information.
For a variety of reasons, the output bandwidth
and consequently the range window were limited.
For example, the ALCOR STRETCH processor
yielded only a thirty-meter data window.
***********************************
Therefore,
examination of a number of reentry objects, or the
long ionized trails or wakes behind some objects, required
a sequence of transmissions.

 Отправлено: 30.11.10 13:42. Заголовок: 16-битные АЦП-приемн..

16-битные АЦП-приемники на основе технологии SiP — без лицензии на импорт
Действующие экспортные ограничения в области высоких технологий, в том числе на быстродействующие АЦП, серьезно ограничивают российских производителей коммуникационного, измерительного и другого оборудования, в котором могут использоваться подобные АЦП. И хотя лицензию на поставки таких компонентов получить можно, ограничения все равно препятствуют широкому внедрению скоростных АЦП и не дают нашим разработчикам набрать опыт использования устройств такого класса, снижая конкурентоспособность отечественных разработок

http://www.russianelectronics.ru/leader-r/review/2190/doc/48505/<\/u><\/a>

1. Pochemu USA dolzni postawljat AZP potenzialnomu protiwniku neponjatno
2. Pochemu Rossija dolzna zawisit ot COCOM ,toze
Neobxodimo razrabotat swoi AZP ....

3 Opit est ,swoi AZP bili toze . W 1994 posle 3 preobrazownij chastoti 35 ghz/2000 mgz polosa MMW radar
ispolzowal 10 bit AZP s 20 msps na 2.5-7.5 mgz
------------------------------------------------------------


Toze primerno bilo w Don -2N

http://www.rti-mints.ru/pro.htm<\/u><\/a>

В РЛС реализована полностью цифровая обработка сигналов (ЦОС). Инициатором и организатором работ по внедрению ЦОС в РЛС ПРО “Дон-2Н” являлся ее главный конструктор.

За создание РЛС “Дон-2Н” ее главный конструктор В.К.Слока в 1996 г. удостоен высокого звания Героя Российской Федерации

Po publichnoj informazii
***********************
K sozaleniju razrabotkoj 16 bitnix AZP 200-300 msps weduschie rossijskie centri
**********************************************************************
NTZ Modul - http://www.module.ru/<\/u><\/a>
FGUP Progress - http://mri-progress.ru/<\/u><\/a>

sejtchas zanimatsja ne budut
***************************

Nesmotrja na nalichie y nix texnologii i processa 0.18 microna SiGE BiCMos ( AD9467 250 msps ,300 mgz
sdelan na etoj texnologii)

wozmoznie prichini -drugie idei ,celewoj rinok -meschanskaja massa ,
nabor reklamnix primitiwizmow -
-----------------------------------------
sistema na kristalle
SDR


1. Kniga chefa FGUP Progress http://mri-progress.ru/?p=92<\/u><\/a>
Представляем вашему вниманию книгу серии “Мир электроники”, авторы Немудров В., Мартин Г. “Проектирование систем на кристалле”, издательство “Техносфера”, 2004 г.
В книге рассмотрены различные аспекты проектирования и развития нового класса перспективной электронной элементной базы – “систем на кристалле” (system-on-chip – SoC).


2. Interviju chefa NTZ Modul
http://www.electronics.ru/issue/2005/6/1<\/u><\/a>
За DSP Л1879ВМ1 последовала система на кристалле (СнК) 1879ВМ3 - чип смешанной обработки, включающий два канала АЦП с быстродействием 600 мегавыборок в секунду и четыре 8-разрядных ЦАП по 300 Мвыборок/с, встроенное ОЗУ (2 Мбит), управляющий контроллер с VLIW-архитектурой (128-разрядные команды) и развитой шинной структурой. Вскоре должен последовать новый DSP-процессор 1879ВМ2.


"Mochit w sortire" , "Prinuzdenie k miru" , "Informazionnie ydari" (nach.staba VKS), Nanotrubki , Sistema na kristalle

i tak dalee...

Maloverojatno ,chto dannie FGUP/kompanii zainteressowani razrabatiwat specializirowannij 16 -biz AZP dlya
VPK


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cVqNT0grx8<\/u><\/a>

 Отправлено: 01.12.10 16:21. Заголовок: adc . adc http://ww..

ADC

http://www.nu-trek.com/nu-trek/data-conversion.html/#Ultra%20Low%20Power%20ADCs<\/u><\/a>

Ultra Low Power Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs): Two ultra-low power
14-bit ADCs are under development. Power consumption is ~ 1/10 of
commercial parts that are presently on the market. ADCs target imager
applications.


odno iz primenenij ADC wische

http://www.nu-trek.com/nu-trek/rf-applications.html<\/u><\/a>

The device supports multichannel digital adaptive anti-jam signal
processors providing wideband cancellation in excess of 50 dB. When
combined with a GPS signal processor providing 70 dB A/J the RF ASIC
will support GPS tracking with 120 dB Jamm/Signal.
###################################################

The NTK-Ironman-01 is a complete dual-channel global positioning system
(GPS) front-end down converter. This low power CMOS IC integrates a
low-noise amplifier (LNA), image rejection mixer, automatic-gain-control
amplifier (AGC), secondary mixer, and clock buffer.


External IF, baseband filters, and ADCs enhance flexibility. The device
#######################################################################
supports C/A, P(Y), and M codes.
################################


Government sponsors have included the:

Missile Defense Agency (MDA)
U.S. Air Force
Department of Energy (DOE)
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
U.S. Navy
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Key industrial partners included:

Raytheon
Ball Aerospace
Honeywell
SAIC
Other Prime and 2nd Tier Defense Contractors

http://www.nu-trek.com/nu-trek/aboutus.html<\/u><\/a>

 Отправлено: 02.12.10 18:56. Заголовок: A Few Words About In..

A Few Words About Intermodulation Dynamic Range (IMDDR) and Roofing Filters

http://www.inrad.net/files/Pubs/About%20Roofing%20Filters.pdf<\/u><\/a>

The term “roofing” means that it protects the rest of the radio following it from out of the passband signals.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Modern radios are two basic designs: radios with only ham bands use a first IF in the HF region, typically between 4 and 10 MHz, or radios that have their first IF in the VHF region, well above 30 MHz. The latter are usually called “Up Conversion” radios. Let’s examine some of the advantages of each.
The Orion, K2, and Omni are like the first type. The Yaesu, Kenwood, and Icom radios are like the second.
The first IF in the Orion is in the HF region. These filters are easy to make and have been available for many years. In the up conversion radios, the first IF is at VHF, somewhere in the 40 to 75 MHz region.


-------------------
RADAR FPQ -6 Appolo programm IF -20 mgz ,polosa 1.6 mgz
Sputnik kommunikazii 1 IF 1-1.15 ghz ,2 IF -70 mgz ,polosa 4-5 mgz (Misltar/AEHF 8.192 mbps)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

rezim naibolschej boewoj ystojchiwosti Milstar-2/AEHF -75 bit/sek(polosa 75 herz primerno)
############################################

The ability of a radio to ignore strong signals near the tuned frequency is greatly enhanced by a roofing filter
#######################################################################

. Ideally, the final desired selectivity should be in the first IF to protect the following high-gain stages from strong out-of-band signals.

At the lower IFs it is possible to use filters as narrow as 250 Hz.
###########################################


Roofing Filters and Dynamic Range
Following the antenna connection, most radios have an LC bandpass filter. This filter is usually as wide as an amateur band or even wider. So, the first mixer may have tens or hundreds of signals at its input while you are trying to separate out one signal for copy. The ability of the first mixer to handle these signals without excessive intermodulation is a function of its circuit design. It does have a limit, above which there is intermodulation that becomes stronger than the noise floor of the radio. The difference between these two levels is known as the dynamic range. This characteristic is generally measured with just two signals of the same strength and some particular frequency spacing. For two signals within the operating band, this is called the third-order dynamic range. When the signal spacing is much greater than the roofing filter bandwidth, the dynamic range of the radio is determined by the first mixer and any other early stages.

 Отправлено: 02.12.10 19:37. Заголовок: http://www.electroni..

 Отправлено: 02.12.10 20:01. Заголовок: Sowetskoe AZP osta..

Sowetskoe AZP ostanowilos na 1107pw6 10 razrjadnij s chastotoj wiborki bolee 40 megasample

Takie werojatno stojat w Don-2N strech processing

http://www.rti-mints.ru/pro.htm<\/u><\/a>

МРЛС “Дон-2Н” предназначена для обнаружения баллистических целей, их сопровождения, измерения координат, анализа состава сложных целей и наведения противоракет. Она способна одновременно сопровождать в автоматическом режиме до 100 элементов сложных баллистических целей (СБЦ) и одновременно наводить на них несколько десятков противоракет.

За создание супер-РЛС “Дон-2Н” ее главный конструктор В.К.Слока в 1996 г. удостоен высокого звания Героя Российской Федерации и ему в Кремле Президентом страны была вручена “Золотая Звезда Герой России»


nachalo 90 Lincoln laboratory MMW 35 ghz/13.7 metra antenna ispolzowal strech processing

20 megasample w polose 2.5-7.5 mgz

 Отправлено: 02.12.10 21:01. Заголовок: TC1410 TelASIC 14 b..

TC1410 TelASIC 14 bit ,240 msps 2003 god

Input bandwitch - bolee 1000 mgz
SNR -71.5 DB
THD -85 db (Vin menee 240 mgz)
SFDR -bolee 100 dbfs bez 2 i 3 harmoniki
apperturnaja pogr - menee 60 femtosek
max vx.signal 4 v(peak to peak)

output -LVDS
architecture -Multi-pass sub-ranging ,Integrated wideband sample & hold
http://w2.cadence.com/whitepapers/wireless_solutions_sandiego_010605.pdf<\/u><\/a>

 Отправлено: 02.12.10 21:18. Заголовок: http://rfdesign.com/..

 Отправлено: 02.12.10 21:47. Заголовок: http://www.esicomput..

 Отправлено: 03.12.10 14:58. Заголовок: http://www.analog.co..

 Отправлено: 03.12.10 17:04. Заголовок: http://focus.ti.com/..

 Отправлено: 05.12.10 14:11. Заголовок: 12 bitnij ADC s SFD..

12 bitnij ADC s SFDR typicaly -86dbfs na 105 mgz ,-80dbfs na 190 mgz


http://www.intersil.com/data/fn/fn7604.pdf<\/u><\/a>


Y lutchix 16 bitnix AD9467 100 dbfs na 160 mgz


Chastota 2 pch/IF -70 mgz w sputn i troposfernix kommunikazijax

1-2 pch/IF w radare 70-140 mgz

 Отправлено: 05.12.10 15:34. Заголовок: Key Features: Colla..

Key Features:

Collaboration of Intersil and SP Devices
Demonstrates 4-way Interleaving of Intersil 500MSPS ISLA112P50s
Sample Rate: 2.0 GSPS
Resolution: 12 Bits
Interleave Correction Details
SP Devices’s ADX4 provides real-time, digital, FPGA based digital interleave correction of four ISLA112P50s
Performance
SNR = 65.5 dBfs @ Fin = 190MHz, a 6dB improvement over current best standalone 2GSPS ADCs
SFDR = 82 dBc @ Fin = 190MHz, a 13dB SFDR improvement over current best standalone 2GSPS ADCS
http://www.intersil.com/converters/ADC_ref_design.asp<\/u><\/a>

 Отправлено: 05.12.10 16:02. Заголовок: http://www.datasheet..