powtor
1. DARPA/Lincoln laboratory Raschirenine dinamicheskogo diapazona AZP
na 12-20 db
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Predwaritelnaya ocenka awtora - silami NTZ Module ,FGUP PRogress ,Elvees
pri nalichii zelanija S.Ivanova ,J.Borisova
chto-to podobnoe wozmozno i neobxodimo razrabotat ...
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Dlja sprawki PCH Misltar 7.4 ghz i 70 mgz
http://www.mitre.org/work/tech_papers/tech_papers_99/airborne_demo/airborne_demo.pdf Sowremennie 16 bit AZP dajut wozmoznost podnjat 2 PCH
do 250 mgz (polosa signala do 80-100 mgz)
DARPA/Lincoln laboratory NLEQ Raschirenine dinamicheskogo diapazona AZP
na 12-20 db
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http://www.ll.mit.edu/HPEC/agendas/proc09/Day2/S4_1405_Song_presentation.pdf #########################################################
Copy from answer of patentholder
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Hello ...(milstar)
...Your questions are definitely relevant to the work we do at GMR.
Regarding question 1.
The increase in dynamic range is very much dependent on the ADC type and
indeed the full RF front end. Our techniques increase the dynamic range
for ADCs and/or the entire RF front-end including the ADC. For example
in systems where the receiver amplifier (typically a low noise
amplifier) is a dominant factor in the linearity we can fix those
nonlinearities as well. In addition, we correct for other distortions
that are not harmonic in nature. For example, many systems use
digitization methods that in effect use interleaving of 2, 4 or more
ADCs in parallel thus achieving high sampling rates and high linearity.
Unfortunately the interleaving itself is a source of errors that limits
the overall dynamic range . GMR's iNLEQ techniques overcome those types
of errors.
The specific ADCs you reference (assuming they are working on their own
and not interleaved with others per the iNLEQ discussion above) will
typically have improvements in dynamic range of about a) 12dB, b) 18dB,
and c) 18 dB, respectively. Please note further that while these ADCs
appear from the outside to be a single component they are, in fact,
internally composed of multiple sampler sub-devices and therefore we use
our iNLEQ interleaving error mitigation techniques as well.
Regarding question 2.
We certainly use our techniques in addition to other forms of error
mitigation. We would need to discuss specifics for me to give you a more
definitive answer about how best to make this work for any specific
system. We typically collaborate with other companies or organizations
to achieve the most cost effective solutions for them.
Please let me know if I can be of further assistance.
Best regards,
Gil Raz
GMR Research & Technology, Inc.
----------------------------------
Gentlemen
Author of this e-mail have some questions about NLEQ processor
perspective . Excuse the author ,if questions are not relevant
Relevant answer would appreciated
1. How great can be dynamic rang extension with NLEQ processor
and new ADC
a. ADC9467 16 bit/250 msps
b. EV10AS150 10 bit/2.5 gsps
c. ADC12D1800 - 12-Bit, Single 3.6 GSPS ADC
2. Is possible combination of NLEQ with another method*s
http://highfrequencyelectronics.com/Archives/Nov08/1108_Friedman.pdf http://highfrequencyelectronics.com/Archives/Sep08/HFE0908_S_Crean.pdf A Wide Dynamic Range
Playback System for
Radar Signals
X-Band Receiver
The MITEQ X-Band receiver is of a dual
conversion superheterodyne architecture that
translates a 10 GHz signal with a bandwidth
of 1 GHz to an IF center frequency of 70 MHz
and a bandwidth of 20 MHz for stretch processing
of radar returns. The receiver also
includes a wideband IF output at 1 GHz for
use with advanced high speed ADC (analog to
digital converter) processing techniques such
as optical processing, time sequenced ADC
arrays, or time stretched ADC arrays
http://highfrequencyelectronics.com/Archives/May08/HFE0508_Cannata.pdf 2. ETI helix TWT s wesom tolko 1.8 kg
###########################################
http://www2.l-3com.com/eti/downloads/8923H.pdf 8923H TWT
Frequency: 30–31 / 33–36 / 43.5–45.5 GHz
Psat (min.): 300 W / 380 W / 175 W
DC in (max): 780 W / TBD / 550 W
Dissipation (max): 480 W / TBD / 380 W
Size: 2.8” x 2.3” x 12.0”
Weight: < 4 lbs
http://www2.l-3com.com/eti/downloads/8909H.pdf 8909H TWT
Frequency: 33.0 – 36.0 GHz
Psat (min.): 1000 W peak
DC in (max): 3000 W
Dissipation (max): 630 W @ 35% duty
Efficiency (typ.): 40 %
Size (W x H x L): 2.7” x 2.9”x 12.7”
Weight: 3.8 lbs
3 Kollekzija snimkow s raz. sposobnostju 100 mm Sandia Laboratory
###################################################################
.Nize priwedenni primeri image i movie s dowolno wisokoj
razreschajuschej sposobnost'ju 100 mm dlja SAR radara
w diapazonax Ka(35ghz) i Ku
waznejschij wopros dlja kakoj wojni .
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S-300 imelo porjadka 1500 yabch . W yslowijax podriwa serii yabch w
atmosfere wse eto s xoroschim chansom ne budet rabotat'
Bolee wisokuju boewuju ystojchiwost' budut imet' multimegawattnie rls s
bolschoj apperturoj na lampax
http://www.sandia.gov/RADAR/imageryka.html kollekzija image ot 35 ghz synthetic apperture radar razr.sposobnost' 4
inches -10 sm,100 millimetr
Contact:
To send feedback or request information about the contents of Sandia
National Laboratories' synthetic aperture radar website, please contact:
Nikki L. Angus
Synthetic Aperture Radar Website Owner
Sandia National Laboratories
Albuquerque, NM 87185-1330
(505) 844-7776 (Phone)
(505) 845-5491 (Fax)
nlangus@sandia.gov
http://www.sandia.gov/RADAR/movies.html kollekzija video s SAR Ku band i raz sposb 300 mm
4. AEHF/Milstar InPi ,SiGE &
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWvr4mfP6A0&feature=related 14 awgusta 2010 yspeschno zapuschen AEHF s InPi AFAR (werojanto polnoj
,antenni na 20 ghz
razmerom primerno do 1 metra diametrom ,na kazduju s h/2 do 8000 mmic,po
publ dannim 10000)
http://www.as.northropgrumman.com/products/aehf/assets/AEHF_datasheet_2010_.pdf AEHF maintains significant margin for enhancement (3K lbs in mass and
4KW in available power).
*******************************************************************************
http://www.lockheedmartin.com/data/assets/ssc/aehf/C10010_AEHFFactsheet_V2(Final)June2010.pdf
• CIP is a funded program to study the evolution of advanced missions for AEHF, including
Communications On-The-Move (COTM).
• CIP is an effort of the Air Force Space and Missile Center Advanced Concept Group.
In Nov. 2001, the U.S. Air Force awarded Lockheed Martin Space Systems
and Northrop Grumman Space Technology (Formerly TRW Space & Electronics)
a $2.698 billion contract to begin the System Development and
Demonstration (SDD) phase of the Advanced Extremely High Frequency
(Advanced EHF) Program. The Advanced EHF Program is the next generation
of global, highly secure, survivable communications system for
Warfighters within all services of the Department of Defense.
http://www.lockheedmartin.com/products/AdvancedExtremelyHighFrequencyEHF/index.html The AEHF system’s design provides data and voice networking and
videoconferencing, along with sensor imagery. The capacity is 430
megabits a second per satellite on each of three spacecraft.
Tactical communications are at 8 megabits per second
***********************************************
and strategic communications at 19.2 kilobits per second.
**************************************************
There is an order of magnitude improvement in system capacity over
Milstar, with an increase of five times in data rate, servicing up to
6,000 terminals and 4,000 networks, the colonel assures. Each AEHF
employs more than 50 communications channels via multiple, simultaneous
downlinks.
The system also uses massive numbers of application specific integrated
circuits (ASICs),
**************************************************************************
AEHF allows one phased array antenna to do the job of many reflectors,
greatly improving warfighter communications access, the colonel notes.
One of the new technologies developed for the AEHF payload, the uplink
phased array antenna will receive signals from ground terminals. This
new technology directs agile radio frequency beams electronically
instead of by mechanically moving reflectors, Col. Harding says. “Phased
arrays provide an agile ability to rapidly jump the beam around from
user to user, where traditional gimbals must dedicate the beam to one
user at a time.”
Boewaya ystojshiwost* phase array/solid state protiw cassegr./twt xuze
**************************************************************
http://www.afcea.org/signal/articles/templates/SIGNAL_Article_Template.asp?articleid=988&zoneid=4 Operating at 44 gigahertz, the space-based phased array antenna also
uses indium phosphide (InP), an advanced semiconductor material, for
some of the antenna’s more than 10,000 monolithic microwave integrated
circuits.
*******************************************************************************************
InP ensures excellent low noise, or clear signal, performance. With a
more compact phased array, the AEHF system can process greater amounts
of information. In the progression of extremely high frequency (EHF)
satellites, the total Milstar I system throughput moved from 75 kilobits
per second to 100 megabits per second with Milstar II and to 1 gigabit
per second with the AEHF system’s extended data rate capability with
three satellites, Col. Harding states.
2 antenni phase arrray na peredachu ,downlink 20 ghz i odna pomenschne
na priem 44 ghz
http://www.as.northropgrumman.com/products/aehf/assets/AEHF_datasheet_2010_.pdf Na risunke phasirowannie reschetki
2 * 6-ygolnix na 20 ghz downlink /transmit i rjadom pomensche 44 ghz
uplink /reseive
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Starie dannie -
http://www.deagel.com/news/AEHF-Demonstrates-Uplink-Phased-Array-Antenna-Technology_n000000247.aspx The AEHF uplink antenna will be the first operating at 44 GHz. In
addition, it will utilize the new semiconductor material, Indium
Phosphide (InP), for some of the antenna's more than 10,000 monolithic
microwave integrated circuits. InP semiconductor provides low noise or
clear signal performance. The first AEHF flight payload is scheduled for
delivery in April 2006.
Voprosi
TWT ili GaAS ili InP
S tochki zrenija boewoj ystojchiwosti w jadernoj wojne -TWT lutschee
reschenie
S tochki zrenija riska -toze
GaAS bolee riskowannoe reschenie ,InP tem bolee (Net takogo naleta na
orbite kak s TWT)
*******************************************
Primary Function: Near-worldwide, secure, survivable satellite
communications
Primary Contractor: Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company
Payload: Onboard signal processing, crossbanded EHF/SHF communications
ranee bilo w Milstar
Antennas: 2 SHF Downlink Phased Arrays(20 ghz), -ranee nebilo w milstar
,no bilo w sowetskom Potok C -Band (Elsov,Spurt FGUP,sistema swjazi
Surgut)
ne jasno
1.Aktivnaja ili passivnaja
2. TWT ili GaAS .Milstar - TWT .boewaja ystojchiwost* wische
2 Crosslinks,
2 Uplink/Downlink Nulling Antennas, -bilo w milstar disain ems priwodil
http://www.emsdss.com/uploadedFiles/pdf/BFN.pdf http://www.emsdss.com/solutions/paperslist.aspx?id=199&coll_id=14 A major milestone came in 1976 when EMS built the first electronically
steerable antenna flown in space for the Defense Satellite
Communications System (DSCS) satellite, precursor to both Milstar and
Advanced EHF, built to ensure secure communication transmissions among
U.S. military and country leaders. Today, almost every major military
satellite flying in space carries EMS hardware.
http://www.ems-t.com/uploadedFiles/emst/Press_Room/Press_Releases/Corporate/2007/07-16-07_Pippin.pdf 1 Uplink EHF Phased Array, (44 ghz) te ze woprosi chto k dwonlink phase
array
6 Uplink/Downlink Gimbaled Dish Antenna, 1 Each Uplink/downlink earth
coverage horns
Capability: Data rates from 75 bps to approximately 8 Mbps
http://www.losangeles.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=5319 5.10 bit 2.2 gigasample SiGe ADC dlja SAR kosmicheskogo bazirowanija
(nachalo 2000 godow)
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http://www.atmel.com/journal/documents/issue6/Pg43_48_CodePatch.pdf http://solidearth.jpl.nasa.gov/insar/documents/InSAR_Concept_Study%20Report_7-27-04c.pdf ISAR dlja NASA space based radar s ATMEL 2.2 gigasamples / 10 bit SiGE
opsianie
http://www.atmel.com/journal/documents/issue6/Pg43_48_CodePatch.pdf 4.1.2 Radar Hardware Electronics Development
An internal technology assessment workshop was held in October, 2003.
The purpose
of this workshop was to assess past technology developments and identify
common
radar components suitable for additional technology investment by InSAR.
This was
accomplished by surveying past technology investments and new candidate
technologies to understand adaptability to InSAR as well as other
planned missions
such as Aquarius, WSOA, Hydros and potentially UAV SAR. Based on the
results of
this workshop, the development of the following radar electronics
prototypes was
initiated to raise the TRL: 1) L-band RF Transceiver; 2) AD-9858
NCO-based Digital
Chirp Generator;
3) Atmel TS8388 Analog-to-Digital Converter and 1:8 Demux;
#########################################
10 bit 2.2 gigasamples SiGE
4) Xilinx
FPGA-based Block Floating Point Quantizer (BFPQ). In addition, the
instrument
architecture has been refined to utilize the new hardware technologies.
Table 4-1. Radar Instrument Characteristics
Item Value/Summary
Sensor type Synthetic aperture radar
Frequency and polarization L-band single-polarization (HH)
Signal-to-noise ratio Noise equivalent sigma naught less than –24 dB
Swath width Larger than 340 km (viewable) to obtain global access
Bandwidth 80 MHz (maximum) and split spectrum capability to perform two
subbands
processing for ionospheric correction
Instrument modes Stripmap (3 possible beams), High-Resolution and
ScanSAR
Antenna aperture 13.8 m x 2.5 m (with distributed T/R modules)
Antenna incidence angle From 20-deg to 40-deg (electronic beam steering)
Transmit power 3.5 KW
Antenna structure Deployable
Data acquisition duty cycle 10 min/orbit average (200 W average power
per orbit)
Radar electronics redundancy Full redundancy (with cross-strapping) of
radar electronics for 5-year
mission lifetime
Instrument mass 600 kg including 30% contingency
Instrument DC power 1800 W peak (during data take) including 30%
contingency
Instrument data rate 130 Mbps average
High-Resolution Mode: The High-Resolution Mode is an 80 MHz mode that
trades
swath coverage for increased resolution (10 m). One of seven beams may
be chosen
in this mode; each with a swath width of ~40 km. Operation in this mode
would be in lieu
of the primary 35 m resolution Stripmap Mode and would be performed
intermittently at
the request of the Science Team when targets of interest requiring
higher resolution are
identified
The current InSAR baseline eight-day sun-synchronous orbit at 760 km
altitude yields a
separation of ~340 km at the equator between adjacent nadir tracks, as
shown in the
following figure. In order to meet the requirement for complete global
access the InSAR
Payload System will be designed such that the accessible area (viewable
swath) is
greater than or equal to 340 km.
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