to:
https://guraran.ru/prezidiym_raran.html to:
copy for information to :
re: Капитан 3-го ранга Максим Климов О ситуации на фронте |- видео c 5.50 ...основное средство обнаружения беспилотников глаза и уши
высокая интенсивность применения украинских беспилотников,отсутствие российских средства радиоразведки и радиоподавления тактического уровня
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ZENoU4FKLY видео c 5.50 ...основное средство обнаружения беспилотников глаза и уши
Радиоразведка - измерительный радиоприемник это примерно приемник радиоразведки
российский разработчик
https://inwave.ru/products/radiomonitoring/ диапазон рабочих частот комплексов от 8 кГц до 13.5 ГГц покрывает практически все известные стандарты и диапазоны работы средств связи
Высокая скорость сканирования (до 20 ГГц/с) и ширина полосы анализа приемных устройств (260 МГц)
Средства радиоразведки ВСУ (Часть 3) Минерва - широкополосный радиомониторинговый приемник.
https://dzen.ru/a/YW71Ws0CtGbuYtGm радиомониторинг, поиск, обнаружения и классификация источников радиоизлучения в диапазоне частот 25-40000 МГц с максимальной мгновенной полосой обзора 800 МГц.
это конечно зарубежные аналого-цифровые преобразователи + ПЛИС Xilinx,Altera
( БПЛА Орлан 10 стоимость 10-15 миллионов рублей ПЛИС Xilinx Vertex 6 0.04 micron )
важнейшeе - динамические характеристики приемника - сигнал/шум,динамический диапазон без AРУ,SFDR,IIP3
IMD
это смесители и АЦП c IIP3 35 db
ширина полосы анализа приемных устройств (260 МГц) - АЦП 2.5 GSPS с высоким динамическим диапазоном при широкополосном сигнале
AD9625 -2.5 GSPS 0.065 micron стоимость 1100 долларов в партиях пo 1000 штук , с военной приемкой примерно в 2 раза дороже
такая технология в России есть на микроне ,отсутствие проекта ,отсталость в схемотехнике
https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD9625.pdf Миландру потребовалось 10 лет для разработки АЦП класса 200 msps , который все равно изготавливается в Малайзии
и хуже чем AD9467 выпуска 2010 года с проектными нормами 0.18 micron,которые давно есть в России
отсталость российских схемотехникoв и некомпетентность военно-бюрократического аппарата Министерства обороны
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.09 микрон есть в России с 2010 года,2010 АЦП AD9467 0.18 микрон 250 msps SFDR 100 dbfs at 170 mhz
пуcть полная копия .... за 14 лет так и не появился
--------------------
https://habr.com/ru/companies/milandr/articles/530662/ analog_design 1 дек 2020 в 09:18 Скоростной АЦП с нуля. 16 бит за 10 лет
Analog Device .18 micron AD9467-EP
https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD9467-EP.pdf в России технология давно есть AD9467 250 msps на рынке с 2010 года за 120 долларов ,военная версия в 2 раза дороже
рекордные показатели пo динамическом диапазону , для системы связи приемник с двойным или тройным преобразованием частоты
в диапазонах 0-8 Гигагерц очень хорош, для системы радиоразведки если полоса сигнала не больше 50-60 мегагерц тоже
индивидуальная тактическая радиостанция весом 1.2-1.5 кг с разъемами для подключения внешних остронаправленных антенн,
усилителя радиоподавления 0-8 Гигагерц
один канал связь со своим БПЛА ,второй для сканирования излучение БПЛА противника
сканер с размерами 165mm x 103mm x 25mm
ADC класса 100-200 msps
The scan time from 100 kHz to 6 GHz in 20 MHz steps was well under 1second.
https://www.armms.org/media/uploads/1304696513.pdf The original design brief was to achieve a receiver capable of scanning a band from 100 kHz to 6
GHz in less than 1 second. The additional requirements were: an instantaneous bandwidth of up to 20
MHz; a final IF suitable for feeding a digital receiver with around 100 Msps sample rate; a minimum
signal sensitivity of -107 dBm and; a dynamic range of at least 80 dB.
СБИС 16-разрядного АЦП конвейерного типа с частотой дискретизации 200 МГц изготовлена по КМОП 90-нм
https://i-progress.tech/products/bis-i-sbis/spetsialnye-sbis/sbis-16-razryadnogo-atsp/ идеи все давно реализованы ,идти с авиацией ... тоже самое на автомашине Тигр
https://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Flanker-Radars.html ##############
https://markimicrowave.com/technical-resources/tech-notes/state-of-the-art-tuner-chipsets-for-electronic-warfare-applications/ By Marki Microwave, Posted Wed May 29 2019
Modern battlefields are awash in electronic signals from radars, jammers, and radio communications. Therefore, high linearity EW receivers for applications such as Radar Warning Receivers, Jammers, and Electronic Countermeasures are one of the most important capabilities for the modern warfighter.
28 nm Analog-to-Digital Converters Enable Next-Generation Electronic Warfare Receiver Systems
https://www.analog.com/en/resources/technical-articles/28-nm-adcs-enable-next-gen-electronic-warfare-rec-sys.html стоимость важнейших компонентов для двухканального приемника
6000+900+4680+6000 =approx 17500 usd
+фильтры +ниокр + сборка + настройка = approx 100 000 120 000 usd
приемлемо ,compare стоимость снаряда 152 mm Exalibur 110 000 euro
соответствующей технологии и схемотехники ADC/FPGA 0.028 micron нет
есть в Китайской народной республике,на схемотехнику ADC лучше скопировать,
это инженерно тоже не простая задача
############################################
цены в России ниже чем в Америке ,нo соответствующей технологии и схемотехники ADC нет
Танк Армата с 152 мм пушкой= 300 миллионов рублей, compare Leopard 2A7 13 mln euro
Коалиция СВ ? миллионов рублей compare Pzh 2000 17 mln euro
Краснополь -3 миллионa рублей compare Exalibur 110 000 euro
Активные боевые действия наступление
1000 Армата = 300 млрд рублей
25 боекомплектов на 50 дней 25x40x1000 1 миллион снарядов Краснополь = 3 триллионa рублей
------
смесители цена с военной приемкой MM1-1850SS+MM1-0626S 0.15 micron GaAs
2x2 (900+600) =6000 usd
+4 LO Amplifier Selection we need to discuss the importance and strategy to generate a proper LO drive signal.
4x $226.61 =900 usd
ADC AD9213-6G 0.028 micron с военной приемкой цену умножить на 2
2x2x1170 =4680 usd
FPGA Xilinx Virtex 6 0.028 micron 1 на два канала
с военной приемкой цену умножить на 2 3000x2=6000 usd
https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/central-libraries/us/en/documents/2022-06/digital-receivers-revolutionize-rf-spectrum-monitoring-architectures-white-paper.pdf State of the Art Tuner Chipsets for Electronic Warfare Applications
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
после стоят АДС, FPGA как сказано выше
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https://markimicrowave.com/technical-resources/tech-notes/state-of-the-art-tuner-chipsets-for-electronic-warfare-applications/ By Marki Microwave, Posted Wed May 29 2019
Modern battlefields are awash in electronic signals from radars, jammers, and radio communications. Therefore, high linearity EW receivers for applications such as Radar Warning Receivers, Jammers, and Electronic Countermeasures are one of the most important capabilities for the modern warfighter.
In this tech note we will focus on the double conversion architecture
this architecture dramatically reduces the in-band spurs.
#######################################
from option 3, as shown below:
RF 2-17 GHz LO swept 23.5-40.5 GHz First IF 21.5 -22.5 GHz ,Fixed 2LO 23.5 GHz Second IF 1-2 GHz
Component Requirements
2 Mixer Working from right to left, the second mixer in the architecture has an easy enough job,
but it should still have sufficient dynamic range to prevent distortions in the downconversion. Marki recommends the MM1-0626S for this slot.
https://octopart.com/mm1-0626ss-marki+microwave-136172355 10 $ 600.68 за один
https://shop.markimicrowave.com/products/detail/mm10626hs-marki-microwave/690935/ Quantity Price
1 - 9 $ 614.70
10 - 24 $ 555.77
------
1 Mixer 0.15 micron GaAS
The MM1-1850SS is a high linearity passive double balanced MMIC mixer.
The S diode offers superior 1 dB compression, two tone intermodulation performance,
and spurious suppression to other GaAs MMIC mixers.
https://markimicrowave.com/products/connectorized/mixers/mm1-1850ss/ https://shop.markimicrowave.com/products/detail/mm11850ss-marki-microwave/686056/ Quantity Price
1 - 9 $931.50
10 - 24 $842.08
https://markimicrowave.com/technical-resources/tech-notes/state-of-the-art-tuner-chipsets-for-electronic-warfare-applications/ LO Amplifier Selection we need to discuss the importance and strategy to generate a proper LO drive signal.
1 - 9 $226.61
необходимо два
https://markimicrowave.com/products/connectorized/amplifiers/amm-6702uc/ https://shop.markimicrowave.com/products/detail/amm6702ch-marki-microwave/685320/ -------------------
IP3 Analysis
The dynamic range of a system is limited by noise (for low power signals) and distortion (for high power signals). The first component of distortion to be considered is the main signal compression as expressed by the P1dB. For an ultra-broadband system like the wideband tuner, however, the input signal is typically limited to a power level much lower than the P1dB. Spurious products (single and multitone) cause distortions that limit system performance much lower than the main signal compression. The first of these we’ll consider is multitone intermodulation distortion, as expressed by the IP3. Here is a comparison of the IP3 of the different mixer options under our standard frequency plan, but limited to the 2-18 GHz band (due to the band rolloff of the T3).
------------------------------
ADC
https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/ad9213.pdf AD9213-6G 0.028 micron $1,171.12
------------
61-й Гв. бригады морской пехоты
связь необходима как воздух, так как стандартная зеленая (станция "Азарт") попала в руки к врагу еще в 2017 году, и в средствах РЭР ВСУ с 2018 года закладывался опционал для её вскрытия и выявления - в частности переносной РЭР "Пластун". Врагу даже не было необходимости в расшифровке переговоров через "Азарт" - радиостанции просто высекали по частоте и накрывали артиллерией.
https://voenhronika.ru/publ/vojna_na_ukraine/odinnadcatyj_otchet_peredacha_sredstv_svjazi_i_dopolnenij_k_nej_v_shtorm_61_j_gv_brigady_zakuplennye_na_sredstva_sobrannye_chitateljami_sajta_4_video/60-1-0-15050 --------------
AN/PRC-162 Radio from Collins Aerospace
https://www.collinsaerospace.com/what-we-do/industries/military-and-defense/communications/ground-communications/ground-vhf-uhf-l-band-communications/trunet-an-prc-162-v1-networked-communications-ground-radio https://prd-sc102-cdn.rtx.com/-/media/ca/product-assets/marketing/p/prc-162-ground-networking-radio-data-sheet.pdf?rev=a396cb88722b49de91d7b2dcb3ea8eda&hash=3673D07B0842D8A568F70D4768BF2F1D Wideband
- UHF: 225-450 MHz
- L-BAND: 1250 - 1450 MHz, 1755-1850 M
Dimensions 8.5” W x 3.4” H x 7.8” D (without battery)
21.6 cm W x 8.6 cm H x 19.81 cm D (without battery)
8.5” W x 3.4” H x 13” D (with battery)
21.6 cm W x 8.6 cm H x 33.02 cm D (with battery)
Weight 9.5 lbs (without battery) 13.3 lbs (with battery)
4.3 kg (without battery) 6.03 kg (with battery)
A few military radios use single sideband (SSB), which can be considered a form of AM. Most of the radios used in the military, however, are FM. These provide flexible, quick, but still reliable communication. The SINCGARS radios mentioned above are a part of the FM radios family.
https://prd-sc102-cdn.rtx.com/-/media/ca/product-assets/marketing/v/vrc-126-127-mounted-ground-vehicle-data-sheet.pdf?rev=460b48464b9e4edc998a6315acd45122&hash=B7531027747336262C4EB27D70C9F3EB https://www.l3harris.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/cs-tcom-an-prc-163-multi-channel-handheld-radio-datasheet-r.pdf Ultra ORION X500-S
X500-S is the ideal solution for amphibious
operations, maintaining secure high
capacity connectivity between floating
operations centers, landing crafts and land-
based command posts. It offers long range
communications of over 30 nautical miles in
ship-to-shore applications
Frequency Band 3 (L-Band, 1350-1850 MHz), Band 3+ (L/S-Band, 1350-2690
MHz), Band 4 (C-Band, 4400-5000 MHz), 2.4 GHz ISM, 5.2/5.8 GHz
NII/ISM, LTE (700 MHz)
Throughput Up to 500 Mbps for system
Number of Channels 3 (2 SDR + 1 secure access channel)
Radio Access Method TDD/FDD
Modulation & Coding BPSK up to 128QAM with Automatic Modulation & Coding (AMC)
Size (HxWxD) 4 x 11.8 x 12'' (102 x 304 x 300 mm)
Weight Up to 21 lbs (9.5 kg)
https://datasheet.datasheetarchive.com/originals/crawler/ultra-tcs.com/3206aaf6f214faf50d8f5bc59f2e2a71.pdf https://fei-elcomtech.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Product-Release-SIR-4000.pdf Ultra – Performance, Receiver up to 40 GHz
SIR-4100 ELINT/MASINT Receiver:
• Input Frequency 0.1 to 40 GHz
• <100 usec in-band switching
• 1.8 GHz IF Output with 1GHz BW
• 160MHz & 70MHz IF with up to 80MHz BW
• Graphical User Interface software
-----------------------------
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10276399 In this paper, a class-C power amplifier (PA) which is broadband and high-gain with an automatic power control loop and a load compensation circuit is proposed. The fundamental power amplifier unit is designed using the GaN HEMT, and the matching circuit is implemented using lumped parameter capacitance and distributed parameter inductance, which can get a further reduction of insertion loss and improvement of the VSWR of the input return loss. According to experimental findings, an output power of 200 W, a gain of more than 47 dB, and a saturated power additive efficiency (PAE) of 20% can be obtained in the 1-6 GHz frequency band.
--------------
prototype direction finding 1 GSPS ADC TI ADS5400
https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ads5400.pdf?ts=1713025592005&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.ti.com%252Fproduct%252FADS5400 https://www.ti.com/product/ADS5400 Virtex 6 Xilinx FPGA
https://www.xilinx.com/publications/prod_mktg/Virtex6_Product_Brief.pdf page 59
https://digital.wpi.edu/pdfviewer/6395w8650 https://digital.wpi.edu/concern/student_works/g158bj99v?locale=en ---------------------------
1.2 Jamming Strategies
Jamming is the ability to interfere, distort, or prevent the signal transmission be-
fore it received by its desired receiver. There are different ways to place the jamming
signal within the spread spectrum bandwidth. In this section, the most effective and
commonly used strategies of jamming will be presented.
1.2.1 Barrage Noise Jammer
The jammer transmits bandlimited white Gaussian noise. It is usually assumed
that the jammer power spectrum covers exactly the same frequency range as the
spread spectrum signal. The effect of the barrage noise jammer on the spectrum is
to increase the Gaussian noise level at the output of the receiver down converter. If
the power of the jammer signal is PJ watts, and signal has a bandwidth of W Hz,
the single-sided power spectral density (PSD) of the jammer is NJ = PJ /W .
1.2.2 Partial Band Jammer
To jam a spread spectrum signal, it is typically more effective to transmit all
the available jamming power in a limited bandwidth. This is called a partial band
jammer. If the fraction of the spread spectrum signal bandwidth which is jammed
is denoted by q, the PSD of the partial band jammer is NJ = PJ /qW , where PJ is
the total jamming power and, qW is the limited bandwidth of the signal which is
jammed. The partial band jammer is particularly effective against frequency hopping
spread spectrum systems because the signal will hop in and out of the jamming band
and can be seriously degraded in the jamming band [32], [33].
1.2.3 Single Tone Jammer
The single tone jammer transmits an unmodulated carrier with power PJ some-
where in the spread spectrum signal bandwidth. The single tone jammer is easily to
generate and is rather effective against direct sequence spread spectrum systems. To
achieve the maximum effectiveness of this jammer, the jamming tone should be placed
at the center of the spread spectrum signal bandwidth. The single tone jammer is
less effective against frequency hopping, since the frequency hopping instantaneous
bandwidth is small and, for large processing gains the probability of any hop being
jammed is small [33].
1.2.4 Multiple Tone Jammer
A better tone jamming strategy against frequency hopping systems is to use
several tones instead of a single tone. However, the power of the single tone jammer
will be shared by these multiple jamming tones. The jammer selects a number of
tones so that the optimum degradation occurs when the spread spectrum signal hops
to a jamming tone frequency. The optimum number of tones is a function of the
received ratio of signal power to jammer power (PS /PJ ). Multiple tone jamming is
also effective against hybrid systems [33].
1.2.5 ON-OFF Jammer
The ON-OFF jammer (pulsed noise jammer) transmits a pulsed band limited
Gaussian noise signal whose power spectral density just covers the spread spectrum
system bandwidth W . The duty factor (the fraction of time during which the jammer
turns on) for the jammer is denoted by ρ. The received jammer power spectral density
is PJ /ρW . This pulsed technique can also be used for single tone, multiple tone and
partial band jammers.
1.2.6 Repeater Jammer
A repeater jammer receives the spread spectrum signal, distorts it in some well
defined manner, and retransmits the signal at high power. The spread spectrum
receiver then receives the distorted signal at high power and it will track and de-
modulate this distorted signal. However, there are two main issues that should be
considered for this jammer. Firstly, the repeater jammer must distort the spread spec-
trum signal or else the jammer will act as a power amplifier for the desired signal.
Secondly, receiving and transmitting simultaneously in the same band of frequencies
presents formidable practical problems for the jammer.
1.2.7 Smart Jammer
For the jammer to be most effective, the jamming signal must be adapted to the
spread spectrum system and to the actual received signal power. A jammer which
has knowledge of the type of signaling being used, which can accurately predict the
received signal power, and which can adapt to transmit the optimum jamming signal
is called a smart jammer. A smart jammer is usually assumed in all worst case
designs