re: радиоразведка пеленг в диапазонах 2-18 ГГц
с точностью 0.1 градуса на платформе автомашины Тигр/
Борьба с квадрокоптерами ( не в автономном режиме )
+ сканирование оптикой 40x110 с пзс матрицей пo углу места
1.на уровне носимого изделия в диапазонах до 3 ГГц.
AN/PRD-12, Lightweight Mantransportable Radio Direction Finder System (LMRDFS)
https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/an-prd-12.htm 2.8-12 ГГц
------------------------------
Фазовый интерферометр с точностью 0.1-1 ° на базе автомашины тигр
Lincoln Laboratory USA Air Force contract 8-12 ghz
https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-101012-211424/unrestricted/DirectionFindingPresentation.pdf https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/212979949.pdf расстояние между антенной 1 и 3 31 сантиметр page 10
https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-101012-211424/unrestricted/DirectionFindingPresentation.pdf -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/212979949.pdf was able to determine the azimuthal AoA for a
received electromagnetic signal in the X band to within ±0.1◦ in simulations includ-
ing realistic noise models for a 170◦ field of view.
The system processes X band radar pulses (8-12 GHz) on a 100 MHz
intermediate frequency (IF) band. The system monitors the 4 GHz band 100 MHz at a
time The down converter reduces the frequency of the
signals from the radio frequency (RF) of 8-12 GHz to the IF of 15-115 MHz
The horn antenna, shown in Figure 8, is a type of directional antenna commonly used
to detect signals in the X band (8-12 GHz), t
Figure 18: Setup of a three antenna phase interferometer. Each of the three lengths, s12,
s23 and s13, has a distinct value.
Plot of separation between antennas 1 and 3 versus the minimum separation
between phase lines. This plot shows the result of the optimal antenna spacing function.
The results shown are for s12 = 10 cm and a maximum frequency of 12 GHz.
###################
в работе использован старый ацп TI ADS5400 12 bit 1 GSPS,compare российский 200 msps
https://mri-progress.ru/products/bis-i-sbis/spetsialnye-sbis/sbis-16-razryadnogo-atsp/ 3. 2-6 ГГц
--------------------------
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2018/9185760/ Figure 3
DF accuracy of three-element interferometer.
To compute the DF accuracy of the three-element array configuration in the frequency range of 2–6 GHz with , the array spacings are and (where is a wavelength of 6 GHz) and the SNR is 20 dB
4. аналого цифровые преобразователи 2-10 GSPS и средства линеаризации (Post processing ) ,увеличение динамического диапазона
SFDR 12 dB improvement expands
that, for example, extends radar range by a factor of 2. These are the levels our industry must achieve to
maintain EW superiority
https://precisionreceivers.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/PRI-White-Paper-1.pdf ---------------------------------------------------------------------
AD9208
https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD9208.pdf 1.75 GHz IBW Single CH
11.4 Bits ENOB
80 dB SFDR Typical
2.5 Gsps Single CH
Digitally Reject Nyquist Zones
--------------------------------
https://precisionreceivers.com/our-technology/ https://precisionreceivers.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/HDRR-3.6G-12B-Product-Sheet.pdf -----------------------------------
AD9213
12-Bit, 6 GSPS/10.25 GSPS, JESD204B,
RF Analog-to-Digital Converter
Data Sheet AD9213
High instantaneous dynamic range
NSD
−155 dBFS/Hz at 10 GSPS with −9 dBFS, 170 MHz input
−153 dBFS/Hz at 10 GSPS with −1 dBFS, 170 MHz input
SFDR: 70 dBFS at 10 GSPS with −1 dBFS, 1000 MHz input
SFDR excluding H2 and H3 (worst other spur): 89 dBFS at
10 GSPS with −1 dBFS, 1000 MHz input
https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/ad9213.pdf 5. Борьба с квадрокоптерами ( не в автономном режиме )
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https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/indago-vtol-uav.html a. пеленг с точностью 0.1 -1 °
b. сканирование оптикой 40x110 с пзс матрицей пo углу места
0.58 -1.03 видео полет птицы с дистанции 1.61 километра
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ijEnOZ-iDg подобный китайский бинокль с оптикой мирового klassa пo доступной цене
https://www.apm-telescopes.net/en/apm-ms-40-x-110-ed-wide-angle-binocular https://www.apm-telescopes.net/en/apm-ms-40-x-110-ed-wide-angle-binocular Objective angle of view 1.6°
стабилизация блока на мобильной платформе реализуема ,как на видео ниже
https://gdmissionsystems.com/communications/satcom-on-the-move-antennas у комплекса Панцирь
поле зрения пассивного оптического локатора в составе радаров сопровождения и наведения 1,8° × 2,7°
скорость сканирования 100 градусов в секунду
6. Electro-Optical/Infrared (EO/IR) Theory and Systems
--------------------------------------------------
https://spp.fas.org/military/program/track/eo-ir.pdf The instantaneous field of view (IFOV) is a fundamental sensor parameter. At range
R, a single IFOV covers a distance D = IFOV*R. As an example, detectors for visible
digital cameras (Nikon, Canon) are about 10 μm in size. With a 100-mm lens the IFOV =
(10*10-6)/(100*10-3) = 10-4. At a range of 1 ,000 meters, the IFOV covers 10 cm. If the
target were 1 meter x 1 meter, we might say there were 10 x 10 = 100 IFOVs on target;
this is usually replaced with the sloppier phrase, 100 pixels on target
The choice of optics and detector affect the magnification provided an d image
clarity. Image quality includes measures of:
• Contrast – Degree of difference between lightest and darkest portions of image
• Luminance – Brightness of image
• Noise – Random signal from sources outside the image itself
• Sampling – Digitization due to binning of signal into pixels
• Blur – Smearing of image due to diffraction and/or imperfect focus (e.g., due to
jitter)
• How many pixels are required to give a 50% probability of an observer discriminating
an object to a specified level?
• Experiments with observers yielded the following
− Detect (determine if an object is present) 1.5 pixels
− Recognize (see what type of object it is; e.g., person, car, truck) 6 pixels
− Identify (determine if object is a threat) 12 pixels
• These are the number of pixels that must subtend the critical dimension of the object,
determined by statistical analysis of the observations
− Critical dimension of human 0.75 m
− Critical dimension of vehicle 2.3 m
• Hence for a human, the requirements are
− Detect 2 pixels/meter
− Recognize 8 pixels/meter
− Identify 16 pixels/meter
• For a man who is 1.8 m x 0.5 m, this corresponds to requirements of
− Detect 3.6 pixels tall by 1 pixel wide
− Recognize 14.4 pixels tall by 4 pixels wide
− Identify 28.8 pixels tall by 8 pixels wide
Johnson Criteria
7.малогабаритные РЛС российского производства,могут работать в пассивном режиме
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Радиолокационная станция «Сова»
https://oborona.ru/product/zhurnal-nacionalnaya-oborona/sova-nikto-ne-uskolznet-ot-zorkogo-vzglyada-42187.shtml РЛС «Фара-ВР»
https://oborona.ru/product/zhurnal-nacionalnaya-oborona/-43802.shtml Радиолокационная станция "Аистенок"
https://roe.ru/catalog/sukhoputnye-vosyka/kompleksy-sredstv-avtomatizirovannogo-upravleniya-ognem-artillerii/aistenok/ Кредо-1Е
Унифицированная радиолокационная станция разведки движущихся наземных целей (индекс 1Л244-2)
https://oborona.ru/product/zhurnal-nacionalnaya-oborona/rls-kredo-1e-43526.shtml?ysclid=l71bkgct3w347719780 Комплекс автоматизированного управления противотанковыми подразделениями "Командирша-Э"
https://roe.ru/catalog/sukhoputnye-vosyka/kompleksy-sredstv-avtomatizirovannogo-upravleniya-ognem-artillerii/komandirsha-e/ ПОДСИСТЕМА РАДИОТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО
ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ И ПЕЛЕНГАЦИИ БЛА МКО БЛА «Сапсан-Бекас»
Дальность обнаружения в условиях прямой видимости в режиме пеленгования:
• БЛА самолетного типа: не менее 10 км;
• БЛА типа «квадрокоптер»: не менее 3 км;
• наземное средство связи: не менее 2 км;
https://new.groteck.ru/images/catalog/133684/269c9164236c7459e4db83634cac0d7d.pdf Мультисистемный многофункциональный модуль
установленный в МКО БЛА «Сапсан-Бекас»
8. в роте технических средств разведки:
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Личного состава - 48 чел.
ГАЗ- 233014 «Тигр» - 8 ед.
https://studopedia.su/10_112195_osnovnaya-chast.html 9.Accuracies of 10meter over a 100Km distance has been reported.
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The mono-pulse or sum-difference RDF technique uses two antennas. The antennas are
connected to a four-port combiner 180° hybrid that generates a sum and difference signal.
Such sum and difference patterns are generated by means of closely spaced overlapping
radiation patterns at boresight. These signals form sum and difference radiation patterns.
The ratio of the sum and difference signals and knowledge of the sum and difference patterns
are used to determine the direction of the transmitter. Phase information is used to determine
on which side of the sum pattern the transmitter is. An advantage of this system is in its
capability to determine the direction of a transmitter after receiving one pulse. Such pulse
could be a mere few microseconds.
Accuracies of 10meter over a 100Km distance has been reported.
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https://www.alarisantennas.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/An-Introduction-to-Radio-Direction-Finding.pdf https://www.alarisantennas.com/blog/an-introduction-to-radio-direction-finding/